Monthly Archives: October 2011

Rejected Ben & Jerry’s Flavors

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More Rejected Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream Flavors (PICTURES)

The Huffington Post First Posted: 10/12/11 03:19 PM ET   Updated: 10/12/11 03:52 PM ET

Earlier this year, Jimmy Fallon was bestowed the highest honor that a popular ice cream franchise can bestow: his very own Ben & Jerry’s flavor.

Soon after, we had some fun coming up with what we’d imagine are “rejected” Ben & Jerry’s flavors, including tributes to Justin Beiber, Snooki and Muammar Gaddafi, and asked our readers to make their own.

Since then, we’ve seen more ridiculous Ben & Jerry’s flavors than we could even dream up. One real one being “Schweddy Balls,” a callback to a classic Alec Baldwin “SNL” sketch, and one fake “Arrested Development” themed flavor we only wish was real.

So we figured, why stop there? We added a few more flavors (including some excellent submissions from you, our dear readers) and are looking for more would-be “rejected” Ben & Jerry’s flavors to add to the mix.

to see the rest of the slideshow, and have your own opportunity to create a flavor, go to:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/12/more-rejected-ben-jerrys-flavors_n_1007178.html#s249595&title=Mama_Grizzly_Crunch

 

 

Cracking the Genome of the Black Death

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Scientists crack Black Death’s genetic code

By Kate KellandPosted 2011/10/12 at 2:23 pm EDT

LONDON, Oct. 12, 2011 (Reuters) — Scientists have mapped out the entire genetic map of the Black Death, a 14th century bubonic plague that killed 50 million Europeans in one of the most devastating epidemics in history.

A Wayson stain of the Yersinia pestis bacterium, responsible for the plague that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351. REUTERS/CDC

The work, which involved extracting and purifying DNA from the remains of Black death victims buried in London’s “plague pits,” is the first time scientists have been able to draft a reconstructed genome of any ancient pathogen.

Their result — a full draft of the entire Black Death genome — should allow researchers to track changes in the disease’s evolution and virulence, and lead to better understanding of modern-day infectious diseases.

Building on previous research which showed that a specific variant of the Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) bacterium was responsible for the plague that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, a team of German, Canadian and American scientists went on to “capture” and sequence the entire genome of the disease.

“The genomic data show that this bacterial strain, or variant, is the ancestor of all modern plagues we have today worldwide. Every outbreak across the globe today stems from a descendant of the medieval plague,” said Hendrik Poinar, of Canada’s McMaster University, who worked with the team.

“With a better understanding of the evolution of this deadly pathogen, we are entering a new era of research into infectious disease.”

Major technical advances in DNA recovery and sequencing have dramatically expanded the scope of genetic analysis of ancient specimens, opening up new ways of trying to understand emerging and re-emerging infections.

Experts say the direct descendants of the same bubonic plague still exist today, killing around 2,000 people a year.

A virulent strain of E. coli bacteria which caused a deadly outbreak of infections in Germany and France earlier this year was also found to contain DNA sequences from plague bacteria.

to read more, go to:    http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre79b5d2-us-plague-genome/

Temporal Cloak Tested

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Erasing History? Temporal Cloaks Adjust Light’s Throttle to Hide an Event in Time

ScienceDaily (Oct. 13, 2011) — Researchers from Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., have demonstrated for the first time that it’s possible to cloak a singular event in time, creating what has been described as a “history editor.” In a feat of Einstein-inspired physics, Moti Fridman and his colleagues sent a beam of light traveling down an optical fiber and through a pair of so-called “time lenses.” Between these two lenses, the researchers were able to briefly create a small bubble, or gap, in the flow of light. During that fleetingly brief moment, lasting only the tiniest fraction of a second, the gap functioned like a temporal hole, concealing the fact that a brief burst of light ever occurred.

By sending a beam of light down an optical fiber and through a pair of “time lenses”, researchers have demonstrated for the first time that it’s possible to cloak a singular event in time. (Credit: © 555images / Fotolia)

The team is presenting their findings at the Optical Society’s (OSA) Annual Meeting, Frontiers in Optics (FiO) 2011 (http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/), taking place in San Jose, Calif. next week.

Their ingenious system, which is the first physical demonstration of a phenomenon originally described theoretically a year ago by Martin McCall and his colleagues at Imperial College London in the Journal of Optics, relies on the ability to use short intense pulses of light to alter the speed of light as it travels through optical materials, in this case an optical fiber. (In a vacuum, light maintains its predetermined speed limit of 180,000 miles per second.) As the beam passes through a split-time lens (a silicon device originally designed to speed up data transfer), it accelerates near the center and slows down along the edges, causing it to balloon out toward the edges, leaving a dead zone around which the light waves curve. A similar lens a little farther along the path produces the exact but opposite velocity adjustments, resetting the speeds and reproducing the original shape and appearance of the light rays.

To test the performance of their temporal cloak, the researchers created pulses of light directly between the two lenses. The pulses repeated like clockwork at a rate of 41 kilohertz. When the cloak was off, the researchers were able to detect a steady beat. By switching on the temporal cloak, which was synchronized with the light pulses, all signs that these events ever took place were erased from the data stream.

to read more, go to:    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111012113554.htm

Celtic “Stonehenge” in Germany

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Early Celtic ‘Stonehenge’ Discovered in Germany’s Black Forest

ScienceDaily (Oct. 11, 2011) — A huge early Celtic calendar construction has been discovered in the royal tomb of Magdalenenberg, nearby Villingen-Schwenningen in Germany’s Black Forest. This discovery was made by researchers at the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum at Mainz in Germany when they evaluated old excavation plans. The order of the burials around the central royal tomb fits exactly with the sky constellations of the Northern hemisphere.

Whereas Stonehenge was orientated towards the sun, the more then 100 meter width burial mound of Magdalenenberg was focused towards the moon. The builders positioned long rows of wooden posts in the burial mound to be able to focus on the Lunar Standstills. These Lunar Standstills happen every 18,6 year and were the ‘corner stones’ of the Celtic calendar.

The position of the burials at Magdeleneberg represents a constellation pattern which can be seen between Midwinter and Midsummer. With the help of special computer programs, Dr. Allard Mees, researcher at the Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum, could reconstruct the position of the sky constellations in the early Celtic period and following from that those which were visible at Midsummer. This archaeo-astronomic research resulted in a date of Midsummer 618 BC, which makes it the earliest and most complete example of a Celtic calendar focused on the moon.

Julius Caesar reported in his war commentaries about the moon based calendar of the Celtic culture. Following his conquest of Gaul and the destruction of the Gallic culture, these types of calendar were completely forgotten in Europe. With the Romans, a sun based calendar was adopted throughout Europe. The full dimensions of the lost Celtic calendar system have now come to light again in the monumental burial mound of Magdalenenberg.

from:    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111011074624.htm

6.1 Earthquake in Bali

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M6.1 quake hits Bali with injuries due to panic and moderate shaking damage

Last update: October 13, 2011 at 4:16 pm by By 

Earthquake overview : Early reports indicate as many as 50 people have been injured in Bali around 115km from the hypocenter from this moderate shallow-depth earthquake. Moderate damage to shops as well as falling debris has caused cars and other shop fronts to be damaged.

UPDATE:  In Denpasar the meteorological agency’s wall is reported to be cracked. Windows have been broken by the shaking.

A supermarket after the quake – twitpic by arthermulyadi

UPDATE: Between the injured people are a lot of students which suffered head wounds when roof tiles crashed on them. As they told to the local press, they panicked and ran out of their classroom when debris fell on them. (ER: Another proof that even students are not learned to be prepared in an earthquake country like Indonesia)

UPDATE: Some ancient Hindu temples along the coast were damaged. A section of a supermarket ceiling in Seminyak area is reported to be collapsed, but did not caused any injuries

to read more, and for updates, go to:    http://earthquake-report.com/2011/10/13/m6-1-quake-hits-bali-with-injuries-due-to-panic/

 

 

Latest Solar Activity

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SOLAR ERUPTION: A teepee-shaped magnetic prominence that solar astronomers had been monitoring for days erupted this morning. NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the action:

Although much of the prominence fell back to the sun, some of the structure did fly into space, producing a coronal mass ejection. SOHO coronagraphs of the CME show that it is propagating up and out of the plane of the solar system: movie. Probably no planet will be hit by the expanding cloud

ANd then, there is this to consider also:

CALM BEFORE THE STORM? Solar activity remains generally low, but the quiet is unlikely to persist with so many sunspots turning toward Earth. NOAA forecaters estimate a 30% chance of M-class solar flares during the next 24 hours.

this is all from:   spaceweather.com

German Satellite is Due to Hit October 22/23

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Falling German Satellite Poses 1-in-2,000 Risk of Striking Someone This Month

by Leonard David, SPACE.com’s Space Insider Columnist
Date: 12 October 2011 Time: 07:41 AM ET
Artist's impression of the ROSAT satellite in space
Artist’s impression of the ROSAT satellite in space
CREDIT: German Aerospace Center

A big German satellite near the end of life is expected to plunge back to Earth this month, just weeks after a NASA satellite fell from orbit, and where this latest piece of space junk will hit is a mystery.

The 2.4-ton spacecraft, Germany’s Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT), is expected to fall Oct.  22 or 23.

The satellite will break up into fragments, some of which will disintegrate due to intense re-entry heat. But studies predict that about 1.6 tons of satellite leftovers could reach the Earth’s surface. That’s nearly half ROSAT’s entire mass.

There is a 1-in-2,000 chance that debris from the satellite could hit someone on Earth, though the likelihood of an injury is extremely remote, German space officials say. For German citizens, the risk of being struck is much lower, about 1 in 700,000.

All areas under the orbit of ROSAT, which extends to 53 degrees northern and southern latitude, could be in the strike zone of the satellite’s re-entry.

The bulk of the debris is likely to hit near the ground/ocean track of the satellite. However, isolated fragments could descend to Earth in a 50-mile (80-kilometer) swath along that track. [Photos: Germany’s ROSAT Satellite Falling to Earth]

The satellite will be the second large spacecraft to make a pre-announced fall from space in as many months. On Sept. 24, NASA’s 20-year-old Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) crashed into the Pacific Ocean in a widely publicized death plunge.

The ROSAT project was a collaborative venture among Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom. It was developed, built and launched on behalf of and under the leadership of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Germany’s space agency.

ROSAT undergoing tests in the space simulation chamber
The ROSAT satellite undergoing tests in the space simulation chamber at Dornier.
CREDIT: Dornier (now Astrium Friedrichshafen).

The uncontrollable ROSAT

ROSAT was placed into Earth orbit on June 1, 1990. The highly successful astronomy mission ended after nearly nine years, with commands sent on Feb. 12, 1999, to shut the spacecraft down.

The spacecraft does not have its own propulsion system, so it could not  be maneuvered into a controlled re-entry at the end of its mission.

Moreover, the satellite is zipping through space in deaf and silent mode. That is, ROSAT is no longer able to communicate with DLR’s control center in Oberpfaffenhofen, nor is it possible to establish contact with the spacecraft.

Still, the DLR says the probability of ROSAT coming down over an inhabited area is extremely low.

to read more, go to:    http://www.space.com/13261-german-satellite-falling-earth-rosat-risk.html

10/11 7th Day of 9th Level of Consciousness

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FROM kASHONIA’S  BLOG — Read & Decide for Yourself:   

By KASHONIA on OCTOBER 4, 2011

Hello,

The following is a very important and relevant article to read at this time.  It is from Dr Carl Calleman whose extensive research of the Mayan Callendar and Culture suggests that the Mayan Calendar actually ends in just 3 weeks time, on October 28th.

My article  http://www.kashonia.com/summary/callemans-9-mayan-levels-consciousnessexplains Dr Calleman’s research and fully explains what the 9 levels of consciousness are all about and their timelines.  You’ll see from the timeline table that at this moment we are in the “7th Day” of levels of consciousnesss, or waves – 1 – 8.  We are also in the 6th Night of Level 9.

We will be entering the 7th Day of the 9th Level of consciousness next Tuesday, October 11th.

All 9 levels of consciousness are timed to end on October 28th.

In the following article, which Carl says will probably be his last before the completion of all 9 levels, he demonstrates how so many of the events happening around the world at this time have indeed occured because the cosmic energy is such that they were destined to occur at this time.

He completes the article with three possible scenarios of what might happen after October 28th, 2011.

Carl says he leans towards scenario 2.  Personally, I think number 3 is more likely.

This really is a fascinating, must read article.

Love, Kashonia

***********

The “End” of the Mayan calendar, Solar Flares and Earth Changes

by Carl J. Calleman

 

We have now celebrated the Cosmic Convergence and there is less than one night and one day before the fulfillment of the evolutionary plan for all of creation (or at least the attainment of the top level).

As predicted the Ninth wave of this plan, which is coming to a close together with the other waves of the Mayan calendar on October 28, 2011, has brought a tremendous energetic frequency increase to the world. This has been experienced on a personal level by many, but it has also been easily visible in the spread of political and economical chaos in large parts of the world. The current instability is evident not only in what is actually happening, but also in the constant shifts in how events or developments are perceived and reported.

Greece, for instance, is one day said to be bankrupt, another fully afloat with the help of the troika, and the next day it is again said to be bankrupt. One day the Ghaddafi regime has fallen and another it is again fighting only to have fallen the next day again.

In this world of uncertain interpretation of news alternative media on the Internet have gone in to try to fill the gap sometimes speaking with total certainty about impending catastrophes. There, one day the comet Elenin is said to create earthquakes and to set an end to the world, the next it does not exist and then it is back again (or was it planet X?).

Anything, no matter how crazy or farfetched, can today find an attentive audience on YouTube and be presented as if it was serious information.

To the instability of the world has thus been added information chaos and it is a common feeling among many that they do not know who or what to believe anymore. The mental framework within which people have understood the world is eroding and this, as much as the actual course of events, is a sign of our times. Some reject the meaningfulness of mental understanding altogether.

This erosion prepares the ground for a new opening and radical shift in our ways of thinking and relating and attests to the fact that much of the world has been shaken off its previous balance by the Ninth wave.

Underlying all of this we may find a somewhat nervous expectation of something unknown and dramatic that is to happen. It is not surprising that in the minds of many people this expectation has been largely negative. After all, the development of the Ninth wave has been essentially predictable according to Revelation 16, where it is the seven days that bring the most destruction to the old structures of the world.

Thus, progress along the old routes has step by step been blocked and the experience of a dead end to our current civilization has spread widely with little to yet show in terms of alternatives. The novelties that have been generated by the Ninth wave have thus in the world at large been few and far in between. While many may have had inner awakenings of oneness, the external manifestations of these have been very marginal.

As part of the erosion of the current world I had predicted at a relatively early point, quite correctly, that the fifth day of the Ninth wave would be the energy that would precipitate the economic downturn (And the economy may be the best mirror of how humans relate to one another).

This was in fact also the time when the so called “markets” truly started to be affected by the global loan crisis, which has since with every new shift point of the Ninth wave continued to deepen. The drawn out nature of this crisis does not change the fact that we are going towards a collapse of the economical and political system of the world and there are no signs that this could be averted.

Growth in key countries such as the US and Germany has come to a halt (not to mention Greece and Italy), which in practice blocks all attempts for the repayment of debts.

The economic downturn has displayed some surprising elements such as the expressed desire of a choir of some of the super rich to be taxed more heavily and the possibility that China will buy debt from Italy or other Euro countries to keep them afloat.

I however find it hard to believe that any of this would actually happen and the feeling one gets is that the rulers are running out of tricks.

Despite the dead end, it can however probably be said that life in much of the world still appears much like business as usual.

Thus, no occurrence has yet been powerful enough to precipitate the collapse that many are expecting or fearing and it now seems that this will not happen until in the seventh day of the Ninth wave, October 11-28.  If so, the end of the calendar may become a very marked discontinuity.

What we are witnessing is thus not another recession, but the end of the world capitalist system and the protests in the US against “Wall Street” may be an indication as good as any of this.

One however gets the impression that as long as the old system survives, there is no real opening to create a new world to replace it. To do so would be too much in conflict with the legality of the current dualist power structure.

Only after some kind of full collapse has occurred would people in general be compelled and inspired to create a new way of living and relating in the realms of politics and economics.

to read more, go to:   http://www.kashonia.com/summary/mayan-calendar-scenarios

October 28, 2011 as End of Mayan Long Count

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Why the Creation Cycles do not end
December 21 2012, but October 28, 2011
by Carl Calleman

Over the decades much discussion has focussed on finding the exact correlation between the Mayan Long Count and the Gregorian calendar. Most researchers in the field have now come to agree that the so-called GMT correlation, placing the beginning of the Long Count 4 Ahau 8 Cumku on the Julian day 584 283, August 11, 3114 BC, is correct. This means by consequence that it will end on December 21, 2012 and most students of the calendar of the Maya, such as Jose Arguelles, John Jenkins and Terence McKenna, have endorsed this date as the end of the current cycle.

I do not dispute that the GMT correlation for the Long Count with the Gregorian calendar is the correct one. And clearly, the Long Count is an approximately (within a year or so) correct reflection of the divine process of creation. There are however strong reasons to believe that the Mayan Long Count itself does not exactly reflect the shifting energies of the divine creation cycles that we today are interested in. What in this regard is most compelling is that the exact Long Count beginning date ultimately is calibrated based on the date of solar zenith in Izapa, which occurs on August 12. (Izapa is the ancient Mayan site in southern Mexico where the Long Count was first devised.)

This solar zenith day was since long, long before the Long Count was implemented, considered as the day of the year when “time began” and considered as a holy date in the location of Izapa. There is thus every reason to believe that the solar zenith was the reason the initial day in the Long Count, 4 Ahau 8 Cumku, was set on this day, although obviously the date of solar zenith in Izapa has nothing to do with the real beginning of the corresponding divine creation cycle. (Not to use the solar zenith date as the beginning of the Long Count would have been considered as heresy. We may make the comparison with the date of Christmas, which was taken from old solstice celebrations, and has not been changed, despite the fact that few, if any, believes that Jesus was born then).

That the end date of the Long Count falls on December 21, 2012 is thus just a necessary logical consequence of the beginning date chosen by the Izapans and not something that the Maya had intentionally targeted. The creation cycles described by the Maya, including the tzolkin, are fundamentally of a spiritual, non-astronomical, nature. Thus, any theory that implies that the Mayan Long Count would have been designed to reflect astronomical phenomena, be it the precession of the earth or a solar zenith, is a warning signal that its originator is off the mark. It should be obvious that if the Mayan calendar is a prophetic calendar describing cosmic energy cycles of a universal nature then the particular date at which the sun was in zenith in the particular location of Izapa is totally irrelevant for us who live today and must be considered as nothing but a result of a tradition too strong to be changed.

Another equally compelling reason why December 21, 2012 cannot be the true date of completion of creation is that this day is 4 Ahau in the tzolkin count. Since the Long Count consists of exactly 7200 tzolkin rounds then the true end of creation must fall on a day that is 13 Ahau in the tzolkin count so that the tzolkin rounds even out. If we want to find out what is the real date of ending of the creation cycles we must therefore look for a day around the year 2012, which is 13 Ahau in the tzolkin count. The inscriptions in Palenque, written about a thousand years after the Long Count was devised in Izapa, seem to indicate that the date of relevance is October 28, 2011, which in fact is 13 Ahau in the tzolkin count.

The issue of the exact correlation between the creation cycles and physical time may not have been as critical in the age of the Maya as it is to us, since creation is currently operating at a 400 times higher frequency. A discrepancy of a year or so may have meant less earlier than it does to us who live today. If we make a mistake of 420 days in calibrating the end date of the creation cycles we will be totally out of phase with the rapidly evolving Galactic Creation Cycle where the Yin/Yang dualities in the cosmos are switched off and on every 360 days. These energy changes are what a spiritual calendar should reflect if it is to serve humanity in its current phase of evolution.

It should be said also that those who propose December 21, 2012 as an end date, such as Terence McKenna and John Jenkins, are basing their entire interpretations of the Mayan calendar on this particular date of ending, as if this was what the entire calendar was about. I feel however that what is most important for us to know today is the processes leading up to the completion of creation and the attainment of Cosmic Consciousness. This process is driven forward by the roller-coaster-like Galactic Creation Cycle, and for those seeking to understand this process and its many manifestations an exact calibration of this cycle is imperative. This is now available in calendar form.

Baktun no
 Duration (Corrected)
1.
3115-2721 BC
2.
2721-2326
3.
2326-1932
4.
1932-1538
5.
1538-1144
6.
1144-749
7.
749-355
8.
355- AD 40
9.
AD 40-434
10. 434-829
11. 829-1223
12. 1223-1617
13. 1617-2011

Corrected durations of the Thirteen Heavens baktuns of the Long Count

from:    http://www.calleman.com/content/articles/end_of_creationcycles.htm

you might also want to check ou this video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_JQCn-xeMM

Undersea Volcano Near Canary Islands-Eruption Effects

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El Hierro. Google Maps

El Hierro. Google Maps

Spain’s Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) confirmed on Tuesday that an underwater eruption has occurred five kilomtres off the southern coastline of El Hierro, the smallest of the Canary Island. The eruption is Spain’s first since the eruption in 1971 of the Teneguía volcano on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands).

Scientists Monitor Underwater Volcano Eruption Near El Hierro

By MARK DUNPHY – Tue Oct 11, 2:53 p

The IGN says all three of its seismic stations on El Hierro in the Canary Islands have registered a volcanic tremor of low frequency in the south of the island at La Restinga (population 547), the southern-most village in the Canaries.  Residents of the town were summonsed to a local football field on Tuesday afternoon to be briefed on provisional evacuation procedures in the event of another eruption closer to the shore.

Scientists from IGN and CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), meanwhile, have conducted a reconnaissance flight over the sea to the area south of the island, where they have located dead fish floating on the surface five kilometres from the coast. The dead fish were identified in an area where lower seismic magnitude occurred on October 9, at a depth of approximately 2 km.

The present volcanic activity is understood to be occurring at a depth of 600 metres (just under one kilometre) below sea level, in the Las Calmas sea.

Scientists from IGN, CSIC and the University of Cadiz have established their monitoring base at La Restinga. Efforts are underway to determine if the subsea volcanic vent is widening and if so, in which direction (away or toward El Hierro).

Initial reports of the eruption were received from crews on board four separate ships. Local media agency Canarias7 reported on Monday that Government authorities have suspended ferry activities to and from the 285 square-kilometre island.

English language newspaper  islandconnections.eu reported: “The martime chief for the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife Antonio Padrón has issued a recomendation that boats should not sail closer than four miles off El Hierro. Divers have also been told to suspend all activities.

 

 

 

El Hierro (highlighted) on Google Earth

El Hierro (highlighted) on Google Earth

The eruption takes place amidst an unprecedented earthquake swarm in El Hierro. The number of earthquakes recorded since July 17, 2011 on El Hierro has now exceeded 10,000.

Hierro, a shield volcano, has had a single historic eruption from the Volcan de Lomo Negro vent in 1793. The eruption lasted approximately one month and produced lava flows.

The recent surge in the number and intensity of earthquakes prompted officials from the IGN and The Canary Islands Government to raise the alert level for the Hierro volcano to ‘Yellow’ late last month. The alert remained in place on Monday, but the estimated 11,000 residents of El Hierro were being reassured not to be alarmed.

The majority of the earthquake activity shifted from El Golfo in the island’s northwest to beneath the Las Calmas Sea in the south earlier this month. Surface deformations exceeding 35mm have also been recorded on the island in recent weeks.

Evacuations

A dramatic rise in recorded earthquakes on El Hierro prompted officials to evacuate some local residents, shut El Hierro’s main tunnel, and close local schools on 27 September.

The Spanish Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) advised almost 50 residents of the municipality of La Frontera to leave their homes because of landslide fears. Two units of the Spanish military’s emergency intervention unit (EMU) were also placed on standby to depart the nearby island of Tenerife to assist in the possible evacuation of hundreds of other El Hierro residents.

Meanwhile, the island’s main tunnel (Tunel del Golfo), which links Frontera to Valverde, was shut forcing motorists to travel across the 280-sq-km island via a mountain road. The Cabildo de El Hierro also ordered the closure of schools.

to read more, see the graphs and the videos, go to:    http://www.irishweatheronline.com/news/earth-science/geology/scientists-monitor-underwater-volcano-eruption-near-el-hierro/41346.html